[Survey relationship between the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum and fetus sexuality]

Hyperemesis Gravidarum [HG] is the extreme amount of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The incidence of this problem is between 0.3- 2%. HG is multifactorial disorder which fetal sexuality is one of them and some studies indicated the relation between HG and female fetus. Survey the relationship between the severity of hyperemesis gravidarum and fetus sexuality. All medical cases of pregnant women who referred to Alzahra hospital from 1997 to 2007 were considered as a descriptive- analytical study. Known cases of HG were selected [separated] between them. Variables such as fetal sexuality, duration of hospitalization, age, parity, pregnancy trimester, biochemical tests were extracted and analyzed with SPSS 14 and Fisher exact test. Among 197 cases, 150 cases [76.14%] were selected because of their full information 80.2% of women with female fetus, stayed >/= 4 days at the hospital. This amount was 33.9% in women with male fetus [p< 0.0001]. Ketonuria >/= 3+ [P0.016], Hyponatremia [P0.035], Hyperuremia [P0.045] were 16.5%, 41.8%, 62.6% in the first group and this amount were 3.4%, 23.7%, and 3.61% in the second group. 84.6% of women with female fetus and 64.4% of women with male fetus hospitalized in their first trimester [p=0.006]. HG was sever in 79.1% of women with female fetus and 61% of women with male fetus [p= 0.025]. This study showed statistical relationship between fetus Sexuality and severity of HG. The severity of this problem get raised with ketonuria, Hyperurmia, Hypernatermia and hospitalization in the first trimester

[Comparing the effect of normal saline and sodium bicarbonate on duration of anesthesia following epidural anesthesia by lidocaine 2% in patients with femoral fracture]

Introduction: Epidural anesthesia is one of effective regional anesthesia methods for different kinds of [small and large] surgeries. Prolongation of sensory and motor block following epidural anesthesia is accompanied by long stay in PACU and more post anesthesia care requirements. One of the essential needs is limiting hospital stay and decreasing epidural anesthesia side effects. Therefore, using methods that can cause early discharge and reduce sensory-motor and sympathetic blockade period are necessary. Using crystalloid solutions is one of these methods

Objective: In this study the researcher tried to compare the effectiveness of two crystalloid solutions – normal saline and sodium bicarbonate solution – to access the best method

Materials and Methods: This research is a randomized double blind clinical trial study. Sixty ASA-II patients who had repairing surgery for fracture of femor were divided into two equal groups [thirty patients in each group]. And all of them received 20ml lidocaine 2% through epidural catheter insertion. In the end of surgery, the patient was transported to recovery room and 15ml crystalloid solution – normal saline or sodium bicarbonate – was injected and then catheter was removed. The level of sensory blockage based on blocked spinal and motor blockage were examined and registered every 15 minutes by Bromage scale [zero=none, 1=motor blockage of hip, 2=hip and knee block, 3=ankle, hip and knee block]. Data was analyzed by t-test and Anova tests by SPSS.10 software

Results: The mean age in normal saline group was 41±12 and in sodium bicarbonate group was 43±11 years. There were 13 female and 17 males in normal saline group and 15 female and 15 males in sodium bicarbonate group. The mean of regression time of sensory block of sodium bicarbonate was 92min and 50sec, and due to normal saline was 99min and 25sec. The regression time of motor block due to sodium bicarbonate was 89min and 25sec, and due to normal saline was 94min and 50sec. All results were significant [P<0.05]. The regression of sensory and motor block due to sodium bicarbonate was more rapid than normal saline. Any side effect was not detected

Conclusion: According to data obtained, it seems that using sodium bicarbonate as compared to normal saline at the end of femoral surgery improves sensory-motor blockade sensation due to injection of Lidocaine 2%soution and educes PACU stay period and improves anesthesia tolerance. This method could be used for all patients whom receive epidural anesthesia